Tầm quan trọng của việc dạy từ vựng dựa trên ngữ cảnh trong môi trường dạy tiếng Anh như ngoại ngữ: một đánh giá hệ thống
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Tóm tắt
Việc tiếp thu từ vựng là một thành tố nền tảng trong học tiếng Anh như một ngoại ngữ (EFL). Tuy nhiên, trong nhiều bối cảnh EFL, bao gồm Việt Nam, việc dạy từ vựng vẫn còn phụ thuộc nhiều vào ghi nhớ rời rạc, làm hạn chế khả năng lưu giữ, độ sâu của tri thức từ vựng và năng lực sử dụng giao tiếp. Nghiên cứu này nhằm xem xét vai trò và hiệu quả của dạy từ vựng dựa trên ngữ cảnh, được hiểu là việc giới thiệu, luyện tập và củng cố đơn vị từ vựng trong các ngữ cảnh ngôn ngữ xác thực như văn bản, hội thoại và tài liệu đa phương tiện. Trên cơ sở phương pháp đánh giá hệ thống định hướng theo PRISMA, nghiên cứu tổng hợp 45 công trình lý thuyết và thực nghiệm được công bố trong giai đoạn 2000-2025 từ các cơ sở dữ liệu Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC và Google Scholar. Kết quả cho thấy dạy từ vựng dựa trên ngữ cảnh hỗ trợ cả học ngẫu nhiên và học có chủ đích, tăng cường hiểu biết ngữ nghĩa và dụng học, đồng thời cải thiện khả năng ghi nhớ lâu dài so với cách học từ vựng tách rời khỏi ngữ cảnh. Về mặt sư phạm, nghiên cứu nhấn mạnh giá trị của ngữ cảnh do người học tạo ra, đọc có tăng cường đầu vào và tài nguyên đa phương tiện trong việc chuyển đổi dạy từ vựng theo hướng giao tiếp, lấy người học làm trung tâm, đặc biệt đối với Việt Nam và các bối cảnh EFL tương đồng.
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